Delineation of the problem and research questions --
Elaboration of the central and sub-questions --
Research methods and methods of data collection --
Demarcation of the subject problem --
PART I. INTRODUCTION TO STALKING --
Chapter 1. Introduction to Stalking --
1.2. emergence of stalking --
1.3. definition of stalking --
1.3.1. Research definitions --
1.3.2. Legal definitions --
1.3.3. current definition --
1.4. characteristics of stalking --
1.4.1. Stalker and victim characteristics --
1.4.2. Stalking tactics --
1.4.3. impact and consequences of stalking --
1.4.4. (perceived) motive for stalking --
1.4.5. Stalking and domestic violence --
1.4.6. Stalking typologies --
1.4.7. Risk assessment --
PART II. NATURE AND PREVALENCE OF STALKING IN THE NETHERLANDS --
Chapter 2. Prevalence of Stalking in the Netherlands: the Tilburg Carnival Study --
2.2. Previous prevalence studies --
2.5. Study limitations --
Chapter 3. Nature and Prevalence of Stalking in the Netherlands: the Police Monitor --
3.4. Study limitations --
PART III. STALKING AND THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM --
Chapter 4. Criminalisation of Stalking in the Netherlands --
4.2. Parliamentary history --
4.3. Article 285b Dutch Criminal Code --
4.3.4. To intrude (upon) --
4.3.5. person's privacy --
4.3.6. With the aim of forcing that person to do something, to refrain from doing something, to tolerate something or to instill fear in that person --
4.3.7. Exclusive focus on the victim? --
4.3.8. Prosecution can only occur on the complaint of the person against whom the crime was committed --
Chapter 5. Analysis of the Victim Support Questionnaire --
5.2. Research on the effectiveness, the advantages and the disadvantages of the criminal justice system --
5.2.1. Research on the effectiveness of the criminal justice system --
5.2.2. Research on the advantages and disadvantages of the criminal justice system --
5.3. Design of the Victim Support questionnaire --
5.3.3. Sample characteristics --
5.4.1. Stalking characteristics --
5.4.1.1. Perpetrator characteristics --
5.4.1.2. Prior relationship --
5.4.1.3. Duration of the harassment --
5.4.1.4. Methods of harassment --
5.4.1.5. Trauma Screening Questionnaire (TSQ) --
5.4.1.6. Victim responses to stalking --
5.4.1.7. Motive for stalking --
5.4.1.8. Contact with the stalker at the victim's initiative --
5.4.2. Stalking victims and the police --
5.4.2.1. Contacting the police --
5.4.2.2. Police reaction --
5.4.2.3. Filing a report --
5.4.2.4. Not going to court --
5.4.2.5. Going to court --
5.4.3. Perceived effectiveness, advantages and disadvantages of police contact --
5.4.3.1. Perceived effect on the frequency and nature of stalking --
5.4.3.2. Perceived effect on the subjective well-being --
5.4.3.3. Advantages of police contact --
5.4.3.4. Disadvantages of police contact --
5.4.3.5. Overall satisfaction with the police --
5.4.4. Associations and correlations --
5.4.4.1. Variables that are related to the reaction of the police --
5.4.4.2. Variables that were related to the effectiveness of the police contact --
Chapter 6. Interviews with Dutch and Belgian Stalking Victims --
6.2. Literature review --
6.3. Stalking legislation in Belgium --
6.5.1. Police inaction and negative treatment --
6.5.2. Fear of retaliation --
6.5.3. Fear of confrontation with the stalker --
6.5.4. Ineffectiveness --
6.5.5. Recommendations --
Chapter 7. Interviews with Public Prosecutors and Police Officers --
7.2. Domestic Violence Instruction --
7.3. Modena report on stalking --
7.4. Interviews with public prosecutors and police officers --
7.4.2. Results of Part One: Approach to stalking cases --
7.4.2.1. Policy and protocol on stalking --
7.4.2.3. Reporting stalking --
7.4.2.5. Registration by the police --
7.4.2.6. One contact person --
7.4.2.7. Contacting the stalker --
7.4.2.8. Automatic report to the Public Prosecution Service --
7.4.2.9. Arrest and detention on remand --
7.4.2.13. Distinction between different stalkers --
7.4.3. Results of Part Two: Problems with stalking cases --
7.4.3.1. Problems on the level of the victim --
7.4.3.2. Problems on the level of the police --
7.4.3.3. Problems on the level of the Public Prosecution Service --
7.4.3.4. Problems on the level of the courts --
7.4.3.5. Problems on the level of the legislation --
7.4.3.6. Biggest problem --
7.4.3.7. Most effective reaction --
7.4.3.8. Possible solutions or advice for improvement --
Chapter 8. Legal Analysis of Some of the Problems --
8.2. (Stalking) victims' rights --
8.2.1. Victim Support Act --
8.2.2. Victim Care Instruction --
8.2.3. Council Framework Decision on the Standing of Victims in Criminal Proceedings --
8.2.4. Bill on the enhancement of the position of the victim in criminal proceedings --
8.2.5. Taking stock of (stalking) victims' rights --
8.3. Rules of evidence --
8.4. Stalking and double jeopardy --
8.4.1. Double jeopardy before trying stalking --
8.4.2. Double jeopardy after trying stalking --
PART IV. ALTERNATIVE ANTI-STALKING MEASURES --
Chapter 9. Effectiveness of Private Investigation and Private Security --
9.2. Dutch Crime Fighting Foundation (SCBN) --
9.2.2. Organisational structure --
9.3. General information on the approach --
9.5. Case file study of the foundation's approach --
9.5.1. Research Method --
9.5.2. Victim and stalker characteristics --
9.5.3. AORTA protocol in practice --
9.5.3.2. Investigation --
9.5.4. effectiveness of the AORTA protocol --
9.6. legitimacy of private investigation --
9.6.1. Definition private investigation agency --
9.6.2. Regulation and quality control --
9.6.3. Personal Data Protection Act and the Privacy Code of Conduct --
9.6.4. Problems with the legitimacy of private investigation --
9.6.4.1. Criminal investigation in the formal sense? --
9.6.4.2. Competences of private versus public investigators --
9.6.4.3. Excesses in the private investigation industry --
Chapter 10. Civil Restraining Orders --
10.2. Interlocutory proceedings --
10.3. Advantages and disadvantages of civil restraining orders --
10.4. Costs of interlocutory proceedings --
10.4.1. costs of interlocutory proceedings --
10.4.2. allocation of costs in cases of stalking --
10.4.3. Rationale behind compensatie in family relationships --
10.4.4. Putting the rationale behind còmpensatie' to the stalking test --
Chapter 11. Conclusion --
Appendix 1. English translation of the Tilburg Carnival questionnaire --
Appendix 2. English translation of the stalking module in the police monitor --
Appendix 3. English translation of the victim support questionnaire --
Appendix 4. English translation of the interview protocol for the victims of stalking --
Appendix 5. English translation of the interview protocol for the practitioners --
Appendix 6. Description of the cases dealt with by SCBN.